Grammar & Resources

The group is centered on modeling linguistic knowledge, integrating interfaces between different areas of grammar and knowledge about how language is put to use. Joint work in formal phonology, lexicon, syntax and semantics allows building an integrated model of grammar, considering how it is represented in the human mind, as well as how it can be computationally modelled; work on L1 and L2 acquisition is at the core of this work. The integration of models of language representation and models of language use is achieved through the study of corpora.

The production of corpora and resources is justified by the goal of developing documentation and providing descriptions of contemporary European Portuguese, but also of understudied contact languages or varieties (Portuguese-based creoles, national varieties of Portuguese in Africa and Asia). The group also produces resources for the study of L1 and L2 acquisition in different settings. The group integrates CLARIN LP.

Research on L1 and L2 acquisition contributes to CLUL’s general purpose of effectively articulating fundamental and applied research, namely in the areas of Educational Linguistics and Clinical Linguistics.

General goals:

- To produce new resources for the study of Portuguese and Portuguese-based creoles;

- To pursue basic research on natural language modeling, integrating knowledge on interfaces between language modules;

- To continue the documentation and description of understudied creoles and new varieties of Portuguese that emerged in a context of language contact;

- To develop the study of language acquisition with an emphasis on language contact situations (see new international Heritage Language Consortium) and on the comparison between typical and atypical development;

- To explore the potential of comparative linguistics in the production of resources for translation and to promote connections with the industry in the area of translation.

 

Resources Type
A Lexicon of Child European Portuguese - CEPLEXicon Lexicon
A Portuguese Native Language Identification Dataset - NLI-PT Database
Acquisition of European Portuguese Databank - AcEP Database
Child-Adult Interaction Corpus - CAI Corpus
Child-Adult interaction European Portuguese Database
Consonantic Sequences Oral and Written Production Tasks - PORESC Tool
Controlled Portuguese - CLG Database
Corpora of PLE Corpus
Corpus Almeida - European Portuguese / French Corpus
Corpus Angolar Corpus
Corpus C-ORAL-ROM Corpus
Corpus CCF Corpus
Corpus CINTIL Corpus
Corpus Fadambo Corpus
Corpus Leiria (1991) Corpus
Corpus of Cape Verdean Portuguese Corpus
Corpus of Sri Lanka Portuguese Corpus
Corpus of the Diaries of the Portuguese Parliament annotated with PoS - PTPARL Corpus
Corpus PESTRA Corpus
Corpus Português Fundamental - Corpus PF Corpus
Corpus Principense Corpus
Corpus REDIP Corpus
Corpus Santome Corpus
Corpus SANTOS - European Portuguese Corpus
Crosslinguistic Child Phonology Project - Português Europeu - CLCP-PE Tool
Dados Orais de Cabo Verde - CV Words Database
Demo de Subespecificação e Desambiguação de Escopo Tool
Dictionary of Hindi-Portuguese-Hindi Database
Diu Indo-Portuguese Data Set Database
EP-Plurals Tool
Learner Corpus of Portuguese L2 - COPLE2 Corpus
LT Corpus (Literary Corpus) - LT Corpus Corpus
Modality Lexicon - MODAL-LEX-PT Lexicon
Multifunctional Computational Lexicon of Contemporary Portuguese Lexicon
Named Entity Recognizer - CRPC-NER Tool
Nominal Multiword Lexical Units in European Portuguese Lexicon
NPChunks: Corpus of 1000 sentences annotated with PoS and nominal chunks - NPChunks Corpus
Online Corpus of Writing and Speech of Children in the Early Years of Schooling - EFFE-On Corpus
Online Dictionary Portuguese-Slovak/Slovak-Portuguese Database
Pereira&Freitas - EP Corpus
Person-Machine Interaction in Natural Language - INQUER Database
PhonoDis Corpus
Phonological Awareness Tasks for First Grade School Children - TCFC Tool
Portuguese Biographies - Bio-PT Database
Portuguese Corpus Annotated for Modality - MODAL Corpus
Portuguese Lexicon of Discourse Markers - LDM-PT Lexicon
Portuguese Technical Lexica - LEXTEC Lexicon
Portuguese Discourse Bank - CRPC-DB Corpus
Quotations database - CRPC-quotations Database
Ramalho – EP Corpus
Reference Corpus of Contemporary Portuguese - CRPC Corpus
Santome Structure Dataset Database
Spoken Corpus Mozambique 1986-87 - SCM Corpus
Spoken Portuguese - Geographical and Social Varieties Corpus
Vocatives in European Portuguese Corpus
Word Combination in European Portuguese - LEX-MWE-PT Lexicon
WordNet.PT Lexicon
Artigo em Atas
Aires, J., Cardoso, A., Pereira, R., & Mendes, A. (2024). Compiling and Exploring a Portuguese Parliamentary Corpus - ParlaMint-PT. In D. Fiser, Eskevich, M., & Gordon, D. (Eds.), Proceedings of the IV Workshop on Creating, Analysing, and Increasing Accessibility of Parliamentary Corpora (ParlaCLARIN) @ LREC-COLING 2024 (pp. 12-20). Torino, Italy: ELRA and ICCL.
Akef, S., Mendes, A., Meurers, D., & Rebuschat, P. (2024). Investigating the Generalizability of Portuguese Readability Assessment Models Trained Using Linguistic Complexity Features. In P. Gamallo, Claro, D., Teixeira, A., Real, L., Garcia, M., Oliveira, H., & Amaro, R. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese - PROPOR 2024 (pp. 332-341). "Santiago de Compostela, Galicia/Spain": Association for Computational Lingustics.
Zeyrek, D., Oles̆kevic̆ienė, G., & Mendes, A. (2024). Multiple Discourse Relations in English TED Talks and Their Translation into Lithuanian, Portuguese and Turkish. In P. Zweigenbaum, Rapp, R., & Sharoff, S. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 17th Workshop on Building and Using Comparable Corpora (BUCC) @ LREC-COLING 2024 (pp. 125-134). Torino, Italia: ELRA and ICCL.
Costa, A., Matos, G., & Luegi, P. (2010). Processamento de relações anafóricas com sujeitos omitidos em Português Europeu. In Textos Selecionados do XXV Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística (pp. 351-364).
Akef, S., Meurers, D., Mendes, A., & Rebuschat, P. (2025). Interpretable Machine Learning for Societal Language Identification: Modeling English and German Influences on Portuguese Heritage Language. In Proceedings of the 14th Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Computer Assisted Language Learning (pp. 50-62). Tallinn, Estonia: ACL. Retrieved from "https://aclanthology.org/2025.nlp4call-1.4/"
Edição de Atas
Mendonca, V., Sardinha, A., Coheur, L., & Santos, A. L. (2020). Query Strategies, Assemble! Active Learning with Expert Advice for Low-resource Natural Language Processing. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE). IEEE. http://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz48607.2020.9177707
Frota, S., Cruz, M., & Vigário, M. (2022). Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Speech Prosody 2022. http://doi.org/10.21437/SpeechProsody.2022
Dataset
Frota, S., Cruz, M., Martins, F., & Vigário, M. CDS_EP: A lexicon of Child Directed Speech from the FrePoP database (0;11 to 3;04) . Laboratório de Fonética, CLUL/FLUL.
Frota, S., Correia, S., Severino, C., Cruz, M., Vigário, M., & Cortês, S. PLEX5 – A production lexicon of child speech for European Portuguese / Um léxico infantil para o Português Europeu. Lisboa: Laboratório de Fonética CLUL/FLUL.
Frota, S., Cruz, M., & Vigário, M. (2012). Romance Languages Database. Online database for intonational phrasing in Romance, (updated version, now including data from Northern European Portuguese) . Retrieved from http://rld.fl.ul.pt/
Vigário, M., Frota, S., Matos, N., Cruz, M., & Jordão, R. LumaLiDaAudy - Audio Child Speech Database with phonetic transcription and prosodic labelling. Lisboa: Lab. Fonética, CLUL/FLUL.
Frota, S., Vigário, M., Cruz, M., & Martins, F. (2008). LumaLiDaAudyLexicon (versão 1). Lisboa: Laboratório de Fonética da FLUL. Retrieved from http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/lumalidaaudylex.htm
Gonçalves, R., Hagemeijer, T., Cornejo, C., Alcantâra, C., Madureira, R., Généreux, M., & Mendes, A. (2021). PALMA Corpus São Tomé e Príncipe . Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa.
Hagemeijer, T., Madureira, R., Cornejo, C., Justino, V., Campos, M., Gonçalves, R., et al. (2021). PALMA Corpus Moçambique. Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa.
Miguel, A., Cornejo, C., Madureira, R., Silva, D., Hagemeijer, T., Gonçalves, R., et al. (2021). PALMA Corpus Angola. Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa.
E-edition
Colaço, M., Gonçalves, A., Freitas, M. J., & Gomes, J. (2022). A casa na quinta: das palavras às frases. Lisboa: Direção Geral de Educação. Retrieved from https://redge.dge.mec.pt/ilha/por4/
Journal Paper
Flores, C., Santos, A. L., Jesus, A., & Marques, R. (2017). Age and input effects in the acquisition of mood in Heritage Portuguese. Journal Of Child Language, 44(4), 795-828. http://doi.org/10.1017/s0305000916000222
Santos, A. L., Gonçalves, A., & Hyams, N. (2014). Complementos de verbos percetivos. Causativos E De Controlo De Objeto Em Português Europeu: Dados Da Aquisição. In Xxix Encontro Nacional Da Apl, 2013.
Almeida, M. C. (2006). Blend-Bildungen - und was dahinter steckt. Portugiesisch Kontrastiv Gesehen Und Anglizismen Weltweit, 10., 241-259.
Cardoso, H. C. (2013). Diu Indo-Portuguese, in The Survey of Pidgin and Creole Languages. Vol. 2, 2, 90-101.
Cardoso, H. C. (2012). Oral traditions of the Luso-Asian communities: local, regional and continental, in Portuguese and Luso-Asian Legacies, 1511-2011. Vol. 2 (Culture And Identity In The Luso-Asian World: Tenacities & Plasticities), 2, 143-166.
Duarte, I. (2013). Construções de Topicalização, in Gramática do Português. Vol. I, I, 401-426.
Hagemeijer, T., & Holm, J. (2008). On the Creole Portuguese of São Tomé (West Africa). Annotated translation from the German of “Ueber das Negerportugiesische von S. Thomé (Westafrika. ). ” Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien 101(2): 889-917. [1882]. Contact Languages: Critical Concepts In Linguistics, I, 131-156.
Marques, R. (2013). Construções de grau, in Gramática do Português. Eduardo Paiva Raposo Et Al. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Cap, 40, 2139-2163.
Marques, R. (2012). Covert Modals and (Non-) Implicative Readings of too/enough Constructions, Covert Patterns of Modality. W. Abraham & E. Leiss. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Pp. 238-266. Isbn, 238-266.
Marques, R. (2003). Semantic and Pragmatic Constraints on Mood Selection, in Meaning Through Language Contrast. Vol. 1, 1, 129-146.
Matos, G., & Brito, A. M. (2013). The alternation between improper indirect questions and restrictive relatives. Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 197, 83-116. http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1075/la
Matos, G., & Brito, A. (2008). Comparative clauses and cross linguistic variation: a syntactic approach. Empirical Issues In Syntax And Semantics. Bonamy, O; Hofherr, P. (Eds), 7, 307–329. Retrieved from http://www.cssp.cnrs.fr/eiss7/
Mota, M. A., Rodrigues, C., & Soalheiro, E. (2003). Padrões flexionais nos pretéritos fortes. Pe Falado Setentrional, In Razão E Emoções , II - Volume de Homenagem a Maria Helena Mira Mateus, 129-155.
Vigário, M., Frota, S., & Freitas, M. J. (2009). Phonetics and Phonology. Interactions And Interrelations. Current Issues In Linguistic Theory, 306.